Kununurra, a town nestled in the East Kimberley region of Western Australia, is known for its breathtaking landscapes, abundant wildlife, and agricultural success. But beyond its natural beauty, Kununurra has a rich history that tells the story of transformation, innovation, and resilience. From ancient Indigenous heritage to the modern development of the Ord River Scheme, Kununurra’s history is a journey through time that reflects the cultural and agricultural evolution of the region. Here’s a closer look at the key moments that shaped Kununurra into the vibrant town it is today.
Indigenous Heritage: Miriwoong Country
Long before European settlement, the land around Kununurra was home to the Miriwoong people, who have lived in the East Kimberley region for thousands of years. The Miriwoong people have a deep spiritual connection to the land, and their culture is closely tied to the natural environment, including the rivers, wetlands, and rocky escarpments that define the landscape.
The Miriwoong people’s stories, traditions, and art are rooted in their connection to Ngarranggarni (Dreaming), which explains the creation of the land and its features. Indigenous rock art sites, sacred landscapes, and stories passed down through generations offer a glimpse into the ancient history of the region, making Kununurra a place where the past and present coexist.
Today, visitors can explore this rich Indigenous history through cultural tours and visits to art centers like Waringarri Aboriginal Arts, where local artists share their stories and traditions through paintings, sculptures, and performances.
What we love: The deep connection between the Miriwoong people and the land, which remains an integral part of Kununurra’s cultural landscape.
The Ord River Scheme: An Agricultural Vision
One of the most significant turning points in Kununurra’s history was the development of the Ord River Irrigation Scheme. In the early 20th century, the potential of the Ord River to support large-scale agriculture was recognized, leading to the ambitious vision of transforming the East Kimberley into a fertile agricultural region.
The Ord River Scheme, which began in the 1950s, involved the construction of the Ord River Dam and the creation of Lake Argyle, one of the largest man-made freshwater lakes in Australia. The damming of the Ord River allowed for the irrigation of vast tracts of land, transforming Kununurra into a hub for agriculture. Crops like sugar cane, cotton, and mangoes flourished, turning what was once barren land into a productive farming area.
Completed in 1971, the Ord River Scheme is considered one of Australia’s most significant engineering achievements, and it remains vital to the region’s economy today. Kununurra’s landscape, with its lush green fields and waterways, is a testament to the success of this visionary project.
What we love: The transformation of Kununurra’s landscape through the Ord River Scheme, turning the town into an agricultural powerhouse while preserving its natural beauty.
Image © Tourism Western Australia
The Creation of Lake Argyle
An integral part of the Ord River Scheme was the construction of Lake Argyle, a massive reservoir that serves as a crucial water source for the surrounding agricultural lands. The lake was created by damming the Ord River, and when it was completed in 1971, it became one of the largest freshwater lakes in Australia, covering an area of more than 1,000 square kilometers when full.
Beyond its importance to agriculture, Lake Argyle has become a significant tourist attraction and wildlife habitat, supporting a thriving ecosystem of birds, fish, and freshwater crocodiles. The lake’s construction marked a pivotal moment in Kununurra’s history, not only as an engineering feat but also as a symbol of the region’s potential for growth and development.
Visitors to Lake Argyle can learn about the history of the dam and its impact on the region through guided tours and exhibitions, while enjoying the stunning scenery and recreational activities the lake offers.
What we love: Lake Argyle’s dual role as both a vital agricultural resource and a stunning natural attraction, drawing visitors from around the world.
Image © Tourism Western Australia
The Building of Kununurra: A New Frontier Town
Kununurra was officially established in 1961 as a town to support the growing agricultural industry and the construction of the Ord River Irrigation Scheme. The name “Kununurra” is derived from the Miriwoong word for “meeting of big waters,” reflecting the town’s location at the confluence of the Ord and Dunham Rivers.
From its early days, Kununurra attracted workers, engineers, and farmers from across Australia, creating a bustling community in the remote Kimberley. As the town grew, it became the heart of the region’s agricultural industry, with a focus on crops like melons, sandalwood, and sorghum. Kununurra’s development as a frontier town reflects the pioneering spirit of those who saw the potential in the region and worked to make it thrive.
Today, Kununurra is a thriving town that continues to grow, with a population that celebrates both its modern achievements and its deep connection to the land and its Indigenous heritage.
What we love: Kununurra’s history as a frontier town, built on the hard work and determination of those who saw its potential and made it flourish.
WWII and the Kimberley Region
The Kimberley region, including the area around Kununurra, played an important role during World War II. The region’s remote location made it a strategic area for the establishment of airfields, and it was the site of several wartime activities. The Wyndham Airfield, not far from Kununurra, served as a base for Allied forces during the war.
Today, remnants of WWII history can still be found in the region, and sites like the Wyndham Museum showcase the role that the Kimberley played during this period. Exploring these wartime sites adds another layer to Kununurra’s rich historical tapestry.
What we love: The preserved history of WWII in the Kimberley, offering insight into the region’s role during a pivotal moment in world history.
The Ord Valley Muster: A Celebration of Heritage and Community
In more recent history, Kununurra has become known for its vibrant community events, with the annual Ord Valley Muster being one of the highlights. First held in 2001, the Ord Valley Muster is a celebration of the region’s culture, history, and community spirit. The event brings together locals and visitors for a week of festivities, including live music, Indigenous performances, food and wine events, and the famous Kimberley Moon Experience.
The Muster is a reflection of Kununurra’s unique blend of cultures and its strong sense of community. It’s a time for people to come together and celebrate the region’s achievements, history, and the beauty of its landscape.
What we love: The Ord Valley Muster’s ability to bring the community together, celebrating the diversity and rich history of Kununurra.
Image © Tourism Western Australia
Final Thoughts
Kununurra’s history is a story of transformation, from its ancient Indigenous roots to its development as a modern agricultural town. The pioneering spirit that built the Ord River Scheme and created Lake Argyle continues to define Kununurra today, where innovation, culture, and a deep connection to the land coexist. Exploring the history of Kununurra is a journey through time, offering insights into the people and events that have shaped this remarkable town in the heart of the Kimberley.