The Canning Stock Route, stretching across 1,850 kilometers of remote Australian outback, is one of the most iconic and challenging overland journeys in the world. Originally created as a stock route in the early 20th century, this rugged track has since become a destination for adventurers and history enthusiasts alike. From its fascinating history to the breathtakingly remote landscapes it traverses, the Canning Stock Route offers a true adventure for those willing to tackle its vast distances and isolated terrain. Here’s your guide to exploring the Canning Stock Route—a historical journey like no other.
The History of the Canning Stock Route
The Canning Stock Route was established in 1906-1907 as a means to transport cattle from Halls Creek in the Kimberley region to Wiluna in Western Australia’s midwest. Designed to overcome the massive distances between water sources, Alfred Canning was tasked with surveying the route and constructing a series of wells to provide water for cattle and drovers along the way. The route includes 51 wells, many of which were dug by hand, and stretches across some of the most remote and harsh desert landscapes in Australia.
The construction of the stock route was met with significant challenges, including conflicts with Indigenous people, who saw the wells as an intrusion on their traditional lands. The stock route was used sporadically over the years but eventually fell into disuse as other transport methods became more practical. Today, the Canning Stock Route is a legendary destination for 4WD adventurers and those seeking to explore its fascinating history.
What we love: The rich historical significance of the stock route, offering insight into Australia’s pastoral past and the resilience of those who built and traveled the route.
Good to know: Due to its remote and challenging nature, the Canning Stock Route should only be attempted by well-prepared, experienced 4WD travelers.
Image © Paul Fowler
The Route: From Halls Creek to Wiluna
The Canning Stock Route begins in Halls Creek, in the northern Kimberley, and ends in Wiluna, in the midwest region of Western Australia. The track crosses multiple deserts, including the Great Sandy Desert, the Gibson Desert, and the Little Sandy Desert, passing through remote and harsh environments with very few facilities or services.
While the journey can be tackled from either direction, most travelers start in Halls Creek and head south. Along the way, adventurers will pass historic wells, Indigenous rock art sites, and vast stretches of untouched desert wilderness. The track is unsealed and challenging, requiring a fully equipped 4WD vehicle, fuel, supplies, and careful preparation.
What we love: The sense of adventure and isolation as you traverse one of the world’s most remote and historic routes, surrounded by awe-inspiring desert landscapes.
Good to know: The Canning Stock Route is typically open during the dry season (May to September), and travelers should plan for at least 3 to 4 weeks to complete the journey.
Indigenous Cultural Significance
The land along the Canning Stock Route is rich with Indigenous cultural significance. The route passes through the traditional lands of several Indigenous groups, including the Martu and Wangkatja peoples. For these groups, the land holds deep spiritual and cultural importance, with many sites along the route tied to Dreamtime stories and ancient traditions.
Visitors to the Canning Stock Route have the opportunity to learn about the Indigenous history of the area through rock art, ceremonial sites, and, in some cases, guided cultural tours. The Canning Stock Route Project, initiated by the National Museum of Australia, has worked to document and share the stories of the Indigenous peoples whose lands are traversed by the route, bringing attention to both the historical and contemporary significance of the area.
What we love: The chance to connect with Australia’s ancient Indigenous cultures and learn about the spiritual significance of the land along the route.
Good to know: Travelers should be respectful of Indigenous sites along the route and seek permission before entering or exploring areas of cultural importance.
Well 33: A Resupply Point at Kunawarritji
One of the key resupply points along the Canning Stock Route is Well 33, located near the Indigenous community of Kunawarritji. This community provides essential services for travelers, including fuel, basic supplies, and a place to rest and recharge before continuing on the journey. Well 33 is also an important historical site, with remnants of the original well and infrastructure still visible.
Kunawarritji serves as a crucial stop for travelers tackling the long and difficult section of the route between Halls Creek and Wiluna, offering a rare chance to stock up on supplies and take a break from the harsh conditions of the track.
What we love: The opportunity to connect with the local community and learn more about the history and significance of the wells along the stock route.
Good to know: It’s essential to contact Kunawarritji in advance to ensure services are available during your visit, as the community is remote and isolated.
Location: Well 33, Canning Stock Route, Kunawarritji, WA 6762
Wildlife Along the Route
While the Canning Stock Route traverses some of Australia’s harshest desert environments, the area is home to a surprising variety of wildlife. Travelers may spot iconic Australian animals such as red kangaroos, emus, and dingoes, as well as a range of reptiles, including thorny devils and perentie lizards. Birdwatchers will also be treated to sightings of wedge-tailed eagles, crested pigeons, and a variety of desert songbirds.
The remote nature of the route means that wildlife sightings are often a highlight of the journey, with animals appearing at dawn and dusk when temperatures are cooler. The desert landscape also supports a diverse range of plant life, including spinifex grass, acacia shrubs, and hardy desert flowers that bloom after rain.
What we love: The chance to encounter Australia’s unique desert wildlife in its natural habitat, adding to the sense of adventure and wonder along the route.
Good to know: Carrying a good pair of binoculars and a wildlife guidebook can enhance your experience and help you identify the many species you’ll encounter.
Well Preservation and Historical Sites
One of the key features of the Canning Stock Route is its historic wells, which were dug by hand over a century ago to provide water for cattle and drovers. While many of the original wells have deteriorated over time, some have been restored, offering a glimpse into the difficult conditions faced by those who built and used the route.
Many of the wells are marked with interpretive signage that provides historical context, and visitors can often spot remnants of old cattle yards, windmills, and other infrastructure used during the route’s heyday. The wells also serve as important water sources for wildlife, and they offer a connection to the stockmen and Indigenous people who have lived and traveled in the region for generations.
What we love: Exploring the history of the Canning Stock Route through its original wells and seeing the remnants of Australia’s pastoral past.
Good to know: Many of the wells have limited or poor-quality water, so travelers should carry enough water for the journey and not rely on the wells for drinking supplies.
Preparing for the Canning Stock Route
Exploring the Canning Stock Route is a serious undertaking, requiring careful planning, preparation, and self-sufficiency. Due to the remote and isolated nature of the route, travelers should ensure they have a well-equipped 4WD vehicle, including spare tires, fuel, water, and food for the duration of the journey. Satellite phones, GPS devices, and emergency supplies are also essential for safety.
It’s important to research the route thoroughly and check road conditions and weather reports before embarking on the journey. The route is best traveled during the dry season (May to September), when the risk of flooding and impassable roads is lower. Permits are required to travel the route, as it passes through Indigenous land, and travelers should ensure they have all necessary documentation before setting out.
What we love: The challenge and adventure of preparing for and tackling one of the world’s most remote overland journeys.
Good to know: Joining a guided tour or traveling in a convoy with other 4WD vehicles can enhance safety and provide support along the route.
Final Thoughts
The Canning Stock Route is more than just a 4WD adventure—it’s a journey through history, culture, and some of the most breathtaking landscapes in Australia. From the historic wells to the stories of the Indigenous people who have called this land home for millennia, the route offers an unforgettable experience for those willing to take on its challenges. Whether you’re drawn by the history, the wildlife, or the sheer adventure of it all, the Canning Stock Route is a journey you’ll never forget.